Questão FC586305
According to the text, how exactly did Jean Piaget’s theoretical views change the role of the teacher?
Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
Instituto AOCP · 2021
Jean Piaget – Champion of Children’s Ideas "If logic itself is created rather than being inborn, it follows that the first task of education is to form reasoning." - Jean Piaget (1896-1980).
The legacy of Jean Piaget to the world of early childhood education is that he fundamentally altered the view of how a child learns. And a teacher, he believed, was more than a transmitter of knowledge. He/she was also an essential observer and guide to helping children build their own knowledge.
As a university graduate, Swiss-born Piaget got a routine job in Paris standardizing Binet-Simon IQ tests, where the emphasis was on children getting the right answers. Piaget observed that many children of the same ages gave the same kinds of incorrect answers. What could be learned from this?
Piaget interviewed many hundreds of children and concluded that children who are allowed to make mistakes often go on to discover their errors and correct them, or find new solutions. In this process, children build their own way of learning. From children's errors, teachers can obtain insights into the child's view of the world and can tell where guidance is needed. They can provide appropriate materials, ask encouraging questions, and allow the child to construct his own knowledge.
Piaget's continued interactions with young children became part of his life-long research. He explored children's countless "why" questions, such as, "Why is the sun round?" or "Why is grass green?", and concluded that they do not think like adults. Their thought processes have their own distinct order and special logic. Children are not "empty vessels to be filled with knowledge" (as traditional pedagogical theory had it). They are "active builders of knowledge - little scientists who construct their own theories of the world."
(Adapted from: https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content)
According to the text, how exactly did Jean Piaget’s theoretical views change the role of the teacher?
- Since children are seen as builders of their own knowledge, this implies that the teacher assumes the role of a “helper” instead of a transmitter, responsible for guiding them by providing appropriate materials and asking encouraging questions.
- Given the presupposition that children don’t always learn from their mistakes, teachers took on the task of not allowing students to make any errors. Thus, by focusing on getting the right answers, they’d be able to make students aware of new solutions.
- The teacher ought to be in the position of having a clear insight into the child’s view of the world by deeply analyzing his results in activities and tests, avoiding interaction as much as possible. Hence, the learning process wouldn’t be affected by emotional ties.
- After the decline of traditional pedagogical theory, teachers became much more cognizant of the fact that children formulate their specific internal explanations about the world in ways that are identical to adult thought processes, though not perfect.
- Piaget’s early work gave teachers the opportunity of working with Binet-Simon IQ tests to measure the intelligence of children from a very early age, which helped them in evaluating their students’ development according to their age groups.
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Jean Piaget ampliou o papel do professor ao mostrar que a criança é um(a) construtor(a) ativo(a) do conhecimento. Assim, o docente deixa de ser mero transmissor de respostas prontas e passa a atuar como orientador.
Nesse papel, o professor observa os erros e as hipóteses infantis para identificar o nível de compreensão. A partir disso, oferece materiais apropriados e situações de aprendizagem que provoquem reflexão.
Além disso, faz perguntas que estimulem a investigação e a autocorreção, ou seja, formula perguntas encorajadoras que guiam a criança sem fornecer a solução.
O objetivo é promover autonomia e desenvolvimento do raciocínio, permitindo que a criança descubra, ajuste suas ideias e construa conhecimentos significativos.
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