Questão FC699775
Read the text to answer question. Making the Case: The Importance of Listening in Language Learning It has taken many years to bring the language teaching profession around to real
Gramática (Grammatics)
VUNESP · 2025
Read the text to answer question.
Making the Case: The Importance of Listening in Language Learning
It has taken many years to bring the language teaching profession around to realizing the importance of listening in second and foreign language learning. As observed by Rivers, long an advocate for listening comprehension, “Speaking does not of itself constitute communication unless what is said is comprehended by another person”. Teaching the comprehension of spoken speech is therefore of primary importance if the communication aim is to be reached” (1966, pp. 196, 204). The reasons for the nearly total neglect of listening are difficult to assess, but as Morley notes, “Perhaps an assumption that listening is a reflex, a little like breathing - listening seldom receives overt teaching attention in one’s native language - has masked the importance and complexity of listening with understanding in a non-native language” (1972, p. vii).
In reality, listening is used far more than any other single language skill in normal daily life. On average, we can expect to listen twice as much as we speak, four times more than we read, and five times more than we write.
(Joan Morley,. In: Marianne Celce-Murcia, (Ed.). Teaching English as a second or foreign language. Boston: Heinle&Heinle-Thomson, 2001. Adaptado)
Words ending in –ing may be verbs, nouns or adjectives, depending on the context. The bolded -ing word functions as an adjective in alternative:
- “Speaking does not of itself constitute communication…”
- “…the importance of listening in second and foreign language learning”.
- “Teaching the comprehension of spoken speech is therefore of primary importance…”
- “…has masked the importance and complexity of listening with understanding …”
- “long an advocate for listening comprehension…”
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“long an advocate for listening comprehension”
Listening qualifica o substantivo comprehension, ou seja, especifica que tipo de compreensão se trata: compreensão auditiva. Nesse uso o elemento em -ing aparece antes do substantivo e funciona como modificador, cumprindo função adjetiva na construção.
Diferente do gerúndio que ocupa funções nominais (sujeito, objeto) ou do verbo em formas contínuas, aqui o grupo forma uma unidade semântica equivalente a “comprehension of listening” (compreensão da audição). Assim, listening não atua como núcleo do nome, mas como palavra que caracteriza o núcleo comprehension.
Portanto, a análise morfossintática aponta listening como elemento premodificador de função adjetiva.
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