Questão FC699806
Read the three quotations; the first two, by English teachers from the Ivory Coast and Brazil; the third, by an Iraqi learner in a mixed-nationality reading class. “It’s a very liv
Gramática (Grammatics)
VUNESP · 2025
Read the three quotations; the first two, by English teachers from the Ivory Coast and Brazil; the third, by an Iraqi learner in a mixed-nationality reading class.
“It’s a very lively book, but the exercises are about unusual things for our country. We are a hot country and also have many Muslims. The exercises are about snow, ice, cold mornings, and making wine. I can tell you I can’t do making wine in my country!”
“Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which is why I don’t think they worked very well …”
“Sir … what is opera?”
(David Jolly and Rod Bolitho. A framework for materials writing. In: Brian Tomlinson (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2001. Adaptado)
Punctuation marks are considered a part of grammar and there are rules for how to use them properly. In certain language situations, differences in punctuation can interfere in meaning. Despite differences in the use of the comma, the two sentences have the same meaning in alternative:
- Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which is why I don’t think they worked very well. Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil, which is why I don’t think they worked very well.
- My mother is a pretty generous woman who is always willing to help. My mother is a pretty, generous woman who is always willing to help.
- The twins, Josh and Joe, were the only ones who couldn’t come to the prom. The twins, Josh, and Joe, were the only ones who couldn’t come to the prom.
- The teacher thanked the students who had given her some flowers. The teacher thanked the students, who had given her some flowers.
- I’m sorry you can’t come with us this time. I’m sorry, you can’t come with us this time.
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Comentário do professor
As duas frases diferem apenas pela presença da vírgula antes de which: Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which is why I don’t think they worked very well. e Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil, which is why I don’t think they worked very well.
Em inglês, which pode introduzir uma cláusula restritiva (sem vírgula) ou uma cláusula não restritiva (com vírgula). A cláusula restritiva delimita ou especifica; a não restritiva acrescenta informação suplementar.
No contexto dado, a oração com which expressa uma explicação causal: os materiais não eram baseados na vida no Brasil e, por isso, não funcionaram. Essa intenção comunicativa permanece a mesma com ou sem a vírgula.
Portanto, ambas são gramaticalmente aceitáveis e semanticamente equivalentes nesse contexto; a vírgula apenas altera levemente a ênfase e o nível de integração da explicação ao enunciado principal.
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