Questão FC699937
Different times, different methods Current teaching practice is the direct result of the acquisition-versus-learning debate. Also, both abstract theory and practical techniques hav
Questões Interdisciplinares de Inglês
VUNESP · 2025
Different times, different methods
Current teaching practice is the direct result of the acquisition-versus-learning debate. Also, both abstract theory and practical techniques have been discussed, have gone in and out of fashion, and have influenced what was and is included in classrooms and teaching materials.
In the 1990s, for example, there was considerable discussion about the Lexical Approach. In the 1970s, methods such as the Silent Way were advocated, and although they may not be used much any more – certainly not as they were originally envisaged – still some of the techniques they included have been incorporated into modern teaching practice.
Amongst the plethora of ideas and techniques which have been offered over the years, some trends have had, and continue to have a significant impact on how languages are taught today.
(HARMER, J. 1998. Adaptado.)
The Lexical Approach, mentioned in the second paragraph, can be described as an approach in which
- teachers are supposed to be as silent as possible and students are to be encouraged to speak.
- classes are to be monolingual conversations with the teacher playing the role of a counselor.
- curriculum should be structured around language chunks, or units of meaning for communication.
- school subjects are learned through the medium of a foreign, additional or vehicular language.
- the emphasis is on learning grammatical and phonological structure, especially for speaking and listening.
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A Lexical Approach valoriza o léxico como núcleo do ensino, propondo que o currículo seja organizado por chunks ou unidades de significado usadas na comunicação real.
Esses chunks incluem expressões prontas, colocações e padrões fraseológicos, por exemplo "How are you doing?", "make a decision" e pares como "strong coffee". A ideia é que dominar combinações naturais de palavras promove maior fluência do que estudar regras isoladas.
No plano prático, aulas e tarefas priorizam a apresentação, identificação e reciclagem de unidades léxicas: atividades de reconhecimento, produção guiada, diários léxicos e exercícios de colocação ajudam os alunos a automatizar sequências úteis.
Assim, estruturar o ensino em torno de unidades de significado facilita a comunicação autêntica e a competência pragmática dos aprendentes.
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