Questão FC700168
Leia o texto para responder à questão. Newspaper sales have been in decline for decades, and most Americans now prefer to get news from digital devices. In this environment, many n
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VUNESP · 2025
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Newspaper sales have been in decline for decades, and most Americans now prefer to get news from digital devices. In this environment, many news organizations — and not just newspapers — put paywalls1 on their websites or apps, blocking access to articles or other content unless news consumers pay or subscribe.
The vast majority of Americans (83%) say they have not paid for news in 2024, according to a survey. Another 17% say they have directly paid or given money to a news source by subscribing, donating or becoming a member during that time.

Among the 83% of United States (U.S.) adults who have not paid for news in 2024, the most common reason they cite is that they can find plenty of other news articles for free. About half of those who don’t pay for news (49%) say this is the main reason.
Another common reason people don’t pay for news is that they are not interested enough (32%). Smaller shares of Americans who don’t pay for news say the main reason is that it’s not affordable (10%) or that the news provided isn’t good enough to pay for (8%).
(Emily Tomasik and Michael Lipka. www.pewresearch.org. Adaptado.)
1 paywalls: programs that stop people who have not paid a subscription from using a website.
In the excerpt from the second paragraph “Another 17% say they have directly paid or given money to a news source by subscribing, donating or becoming a member during that time”, the word “by”
- describes the manner in which the financial support was provided.
- suggests a comparison between different forms of payment.
- indicates the cost of the subscription, donation or membership.
- introduces a temporal reference for the action.
- highlights the purpose behind the financial contribution.
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Comentário do professor
By funciona aqui como preposição que indica o meio ou a maneira pela qual o apoio financeiro foi feito.
Na oração they have directly paid or given money to a news source by subscribing, donating or becoming a member, a expressão explica como as pessoas pagaram: por meio de assinatura, doação ou filiação.
Uma paráfrase natural em português seria: “pagaram diretamente a uma fonte de notícias por meio de assinatura, doação ou ao se tornar membro”. Assim, by vincula o verbo de ação ao instrumento/forma dessa ação.
Do ponto de vista sintático, by introduz um complemento que especifica o método empregado para efetuar o pagamento.
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