Questão FC700228
Leia o texto e o gráfico para responder à questão. The 2020s have brought a degree of chaos not seen in decades. A pandemic was followed by a full-scale war in Europe; both sent fo
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VUNESP · 2024
Leia o texto e o gráfico para responder à questão.
The 2020s have brought a degree of chaos not seen in decades. A pandemic was followed by a full-scale war in Europe; both sent food and fuel prices surging. Extreme weather events have shown that climate change is beginning to bite. The phrase “unprecedented times” soon sounded too common.
This all affected the global standards of living. One measure of this, the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI), fell in 2020 for the first time since its launch. It fell again in 2021. The HDI is one of the most widely used measures of countries’ development, after the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It is not complete, though. It does not account for economic inequality, for example, or disparities between ethnicities and genders.
The latest figures show that the global HDI is rising again, but progress has been slow and uneven. It seems the long-term trend appears to have suffered a permanent setback since the pandemic. This setback will deeply affect the world’s poorest.
Yet there are reasons for hope. The chaos of the 2020s has also shown that governments can collaborate on some big issues. During the pandemic, vaccines were developed, produced and distributed at remarkable speed, saving an estimated 20 million lives in their first year alone. At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) in 2023 the world proved that it could agree on a deal to tackle climate change (even if fulfilling it is another matter). More of that will be needed to overcome the setbacks from the start of the decade.
(www.economist.com, 13.03.2024. Adaptado.)
The text mainly intends to
- depict the world in a favourable perspective concerning living standards.
- reinforce that climate change is the main problem that limits progress.
- show the changes in living standards especially after 2020.
- prove that the world has fully recovered from the pandemic.
- point out that poorer nations are not doing enough to reach sustainable growth.
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Parecer central: o texto e o gráfico descrevem as variações nos padrões de vida, focalizando especialmente o período a partir de 2020.
O autor usa o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (HDI) como medida para evidenciar essa mudança: relata a queda em 2020 e 2021, aponta causas (pandemia, guerra, alta dos preços, eventos climáticos) e mostra que a retomada é lenta e desigual.
Além disso, o texto inclui exemplos de efeitos negativos sobre os mais pobres e também sinais de esperança, como a rápida distribuição de vacinas e acordos climáticos, o que reforça a ideia de que se trata de uma análise das mudanças nos padrões de vida pós-2020.
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