Questão FC170994
Iowa, a small midwestern state, finds itself in the national economic spotlight. For conservative commentators, Iowa has emerged as America’s tax-cutting champion, a paragon of fis
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CEBRASPE (CESPE) · 2024
Either way, Iowa is playing an outsized role in a bigger debate about how American states ought to manage their revenues and spending. Until a few years ago it had one of the highest income-tax rates in America. By 2026 it will be down to a flat tax of 3.9%. Iowa is far from alone. Some 25 states have cut individual income taxes over the past years. A handful, including Georgia and Idaho, are shifting to a flat tax. And a few others want to eliminate their income taxes altogether.
Virtually all states, regardless of political make-up, have lowered their citizens’ tax bills since 2021. Overall, this has been a rough decline in states’ tax revenues during this time, the steepest such reduction in at least four decades. But the most aggressive moves have been cuts to income taxes, and Iowa has been at the forefront of these efforts.
The Economist. A tax-cutting wave is sweeping over America’s states.
Internet: <https://www.economist.com> (adapted).
Based on the ideas of the preceding text and on its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
Even though both forms are used to indicate an action in the past, replacing “have lowered” (first sentence of the third paragraph) with lowered would make the sentence grammatically wrong.
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Comentário: A afirmação está correta porque a expressão "have lowered" usa o presente perfeito, que indica uma ação que ocorreu no passado recente e ainda tem relevância no presente. Se substituíssemos por "lowered", a frase perderia essa conexão temporal e se tornaria uma simples forma do passado, o que não se encaixa no contexto em que se discute as consequências atuais das ações anteriores. Portanto, a mudança proposta tornaria a construção gramaticalmente errada e menos precisa em relação ao significado desejado.
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