Questão FC171179
The philosopher Jeremy Bentham was regarded as the founder of utilitarianism and a leading advocate of the separation of church and state, freedom of expression, and individual leg
Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
CEBRASPE (CESPE) · 2024
The French philosopher Michel Foucault used the idea of the panopticon as a way to illustrate the proclivity of disciplinary societies to subjugate its citizens. He describes the prisoner of a panopticon as being at the receiving end of asymmetrical surveillance: “He is seen, but he does not see.” As a consequence, the inmate polices himself for fear of punishment.
The parallels between the panopticon and surveillance cameras may be obvious, but what happens when you step into the world of digital surveillance and data capture?
Unlike the panopticon, citizens don’t know they are being watched. Jake Goldenfein, from the University of Melbourne, tells me it’s important to remember the corrective purposes of Bentham’s panopticon when considering it as a metaphor for modern surveillance. “The relevance of the panopticon as a metaphor begins to wither when we start thinking about whether contemporary types of visuality are analogous to the central tower concept. For example, whether this type of visuality is as asymmetrical, and being co-opted for the same political exercise.” In the panopticon the occupants are constantly aware of the threat of being watched — this is the whole point — but state surveillance on the Internet is invisible; there is no looming tower, no dead-eye lens staring at you every time you enter a URL. There may not be a central tower, but there will be communicating sensors in our most intimate objects.
According to the researcher Jake Goldenfein, the fact that nowadays people know they are being watched by cameras is the aspect that lessens the panopticon effectiveness as a metaphor for contemporary surveillance.
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Comentário: A afirmação está errada porque Jake Goldenfein argumenta que a relevância do panopticon como metáfora diminui quando se considera a invisibilidade da vigilância contemporânea, e não o fato de as pessoas saberem que estão sendo observadas. Ele destaca que, ao contrário do panopticon, onde os indivíduos estão cientes da possibilidade de serem vigiados, na vigilância digital atual, os cidadãos muitas vezes não têm consciência de que estão sendo monitorados. Portanto, a consciência da vigilância não é o fator que diminui a eficácia da metáfora do panopticon, mas sim a invisibilidade dessa vigilância moderna.
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