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Testing for Caffeine Could Help Foil Fake Urine Scam By Andy Extance on January 9, 2019 In a disturbing trend, scam artists are using commercially sold fake urine to fool doctors i
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FCC · 2019
Testing for Caffeine Could Help Foil Fake Urine Scam
By Andy Extance on January 9, 2019
In a disturbing trend, scam artists are using commercially sold fake urine to fool doctors into prescribing pain medications such as hydrocodone − which can then be consumed or illegally sold. The synthetic pee lets patients pass tests intended to ensure they are not already taking opioid medications or drugs of abuse.
Hoping to address the situation, Patrick Kyle, director of clinical chemistry and toxicology at the University of Mississippi Medical Center and his pathologist colleague Jaswinder Kaur have now shown how legal indulgences − including chocolate, coffee and cigarettes − can help distinguish real pee from fake.
Past approaches to spotting fake specimens have included testing urine’s acidity and density and assessing concentration of a metabolic waste substance called creatinine. But some synthetic products now pass these evaluations, Kyle says.
The new method looks for four substances common in urine: caffeine and theobromine, both found in chocolate, tea and coffee; cotinine, produced as nicotine breaks down; and urobilin − degraded hemoglobin that gives urine its yellow color.
The scientists studied the various substances in four different groups. One group of 100 urine samples came from people who had been observed providing them. A second set of 100 came from individuals seeking pain medication, who were not observed. A third came from 200 unobserved job applicants. And the final group consisted of 10 samples of commercially available synthetic urine.
All samples provided by observed individuals were positive for at least one of the four test substances; three from the pain medication group and two from the job applicants lacked them. No synthetic urine samples contained any of the four substances. Negative results do not prove criminal activity − but they can indicate attempted deception, Kyle says. In such cases, he adds, “the clinic or the business should simply collect another specimen from the individual.”
(Adapted from: www.scientificamerican.com)
Infere-se do texto que
- a acidez e a densidade da urina são fatores que podem indicar doenças.
- não há exame de urina que detecte a presença de opioides.
- traços de café, chocolate ou nicotina na urina indicam tratar-se de urina sintética.
- médicos não receitarão analgésicos a pacientes que já tomam opioides.
- o principal objetivo de burlar um exame de urina é obter um emprego público.
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Comentário do professor
O texto mostra que exames de urina são aplicados para certificar que o paciente não está usando medicamentos opioides antes de receber analgésicos, e que golpistas usam urina sintética para driblar essa verificação.
Daí se infere que, quando o teste indica que o paciente já faz uso de opioides, o médico não irá prescrever outro analgésico à base desses fármacos — medida lógica para evitar risco de overdose, uso indevido e comercialização ilegal.
Embora o texto não escreva a frase literalmente, a finalidade dos exames (garantir que o paciente não toma opioides) permite deduzir a consequência prática: recusa na prescrição quando houver evidência de uso prévio.
Isso explica por que detectar diferenças entre urina verdadeira e sintética é importante e por que, em caso de suspeita, recomenda-se a coleta de nova amostra.
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