Questão FC372180
Extradition for Criminal Offences The Government of Sweden Extradition involves cooperation, mainly between states, to facilitate both legal procedures and the enforcement of sente
Interpretação de Textos (Understanding)
FCC · 2018
Extradition for Criminal Offences
The Government of Sweden
Extradition involves cooperation, mainly between states, to facilitate both legal procedures and the enforcement of sentences.
The question of extradition arises when a state requests that a person who is suspected of an offence, is under prosecution or has been convicted, and who is outside the territory of that state, be extradited to it. Traditionally, Sweden has not made extradition conditional on the existence of an agreement with the other state involved. Some states,
Within the EU the procedure for extradition has in general been replaced by surrender according to the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), which allows for faster and simpler surrender procedures and an end to political involvement in extradition procedures. EU countries can no longer refuse to surrender their own citizens to another EU country, if the citizen has committed a serious crime or is suspected of having committed such a crime in another EU country. Once issued, it requires another member state to arrest and transfer a criminal suspect or sentenced person to the issuing state so that the person can be put on trial or complete a detention period.
Conditions for extradition to a state outside the EU
The Extradition for Criminal Offences Act prohibits the extradition of Swedish nationals.
Extradition is permitted, provided that the act for which extradition is requested is equivalent to a crime that is punishable under Swedish law by imprisonment for at least one year. If sentence has been passed in the state applying for extradition, the penalty must be imprisonment for at least four months or other institutional detention for an equivalent period. Thus, extradition requires an offence punishable under the law of both countries ("dual criminality") that, in principle, is of a certain degree of seriousness.
Extradition may not be granted for military or political offences. Nor may extradition be granted if there is reason to fear that the person whose extradition is requested runs a risk − on account of his or her ethnic origins, membership of a particular social group or religious or political beliefs − of being subjected to persecution threatening his or her life or freedom, or is serious in some other respect.
Adapted from www.government.se
De acordo com o texto, uma das condições que permite a extradição de um cidadão sueco é que
- o crime cometido pela pessoa no país solicitante tenha uma punição prevista pela lei sueca de, pelo menos, um ano de detenção.
- o indivíduo já tenha sido condenado a menos de quatro meses de prisão no país que pede a extradição.
- o país que pede a extradição tenha leis mais rígidas do que as suecas.
- o cidadão tenha cometido crime de algum tipo de discriminação.
- o crime cometido não seja de natureza grave, garantindo ao cidadão uma pena branda.
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Comentário do professor
De acordo com o trecho indicado, a extradição de um cidadão sueco é permitida desde que o ato pelo qual a extradição é requerida seja equivalente a um crime que, pela lei sueca, seja punível com prisão de pelo menos um ano.
Isso significa que há uma condição de gravidade: a infração deve atingir um patamar mínimo de pena para justificar a entrega da pessoa a outro Estado.
O termo equivalente aponta para a ideia de dupla criminalidade: o comportamento precisa ser crime também no direito do Estado requerente, assegurando correspondência entre as normas.
Em suma, a exigência do mínimo de um ano de detenção funciona como filtro de seriedade e proteção contra pedidos de extradição por delitos leves.
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